Halifax & Bank of Scotland Essay Example for Free

Halifax Bank of Scotland Essay The UK has one of the most various and dynamic financial divisions on the planet. Banking is presently an exceptionally serious industry. Monetary shoppers are presently progressively advanced as they are currently increasingly mindful of accessible financial alternatives. The benefits of the UK banking framework were I 3,441bn (August 2001), which were commanded by twelve or so retail banks, with national systems, for the most part serving household, individual and corporate clients. As of now, the large four banks HSBC, the Royal Bank of Scotland, Lloyds TSB and Barclays, rule retail and business banking, mutually representing 68% of all UK current records. Both Halifax, established in 1853, and 306-year-old Bank of Scotland are viewed as business symbols in their districts. Halifax is situated in England, while the Bank of Scotland has not many branches south of the outskirt. A merger between these organizations would expand the geographic extension for potential clients. Halifax began as a structure society and is presently more generally known as a major home loan moneylender. In the more extensive network, the Halifax Bank has an extremely dynamic network banking segment providing food for a noble cause and non-benefit associations including lodging affiliations, credit associations and network improvement activities. In correlation, the Bank of Scotlands quality lies in the corporate market. It would appear to be likely that the two firms might want to accomplish higher benefit and development opportunity through strategically pitching items to every others clients. For instance, the items created by Halifax could be advertised successfully to Bank of Scotlands clients and the other way around. Since the two banks work reciprocal exercises, it is conceivable the consolidating of the two firms will bring about collaborations, which may likewise bring about expanded productivity. There may likewise be chances to accomplish investment funds through reducing some pointless expenses. For instance, the measure of staff required for the consolidated firm is probably going to be decreased. By consolidating, the size of the joined firm will surely build, hence utilizing the joined spend to haggle better arrangements. The market position of the joined firm will be fortified. Its piece of the pie inside the business will increment, perhaps enough to contend with the large four banks, along these lines expanding the opposition inside the financial business. In actuality, there are wide scopes of methods that can help break down an organizations execution a few firms may put together their presentation with respect to deals, though others through the nature of items. Market analysts for the most part investigate an organizations execution dependent on the measure of benefit it is making. For an exhaustive examination, this paper will be taking a gander at the organizations: advertise esteem, benefit, strength, esteem for investors, productivity, and capital sufficiency. It must be noticed that organizations inside the financial part are dependent upon numerous monetary vulnerabilities, which can impact how well a firm is getting along from year to year. For this situation, these vulnerabilities include: financing costs, business rates, just as the state of the value markets. For instance, the base rate in January 2000 was 5.75%, notwithstanding, at January 2002, the base rate was at 4. 00%5. To dissect the presentation of the banks when the merger, the organizations monetary records will be inspected and proportions will likewise be determined. 6 The fundamental execution pointers that will be investigated include: Profit before charge; Total resources; Dividends and Earnings per share. Furthermore, the arrival on value, cost:income proportion and the organizations capital quality will be analyzed. These proportions will give an away from of the organizations execution contrasted and that of different firms. Prior to the merger, in 2000, Halifax and Bank of Scotland had showcase estimations of $22,105million and $11,762million individually. Post-merger, in 2002, HBOS then had a market an incentive in abundance of $31billion7. This quickly means the accomplishment of the merger, as the joined organization is worth now worth very much more in the market. Figure 1 Profit before charge From a monetary perspective, it is significant that a firm makes a benefit in any case there would be no point of the presence of the firm. The Profit Loss record of a firm shows the consequences of exchanging over the past a year. It shows the net impact of salary less costs. The explanation that benefit before charge is examined as opposed to benefit after duty is because of the way that loan costs and expansion changes could influence the measure of assessment that is paid every year. In 2000, Halifax made I 1,715million benefit (before charge), contrasted and Bank of Scotland, which made I 911million. It would be normal that when the two organizations have consolidated, the pre-charge benefit should increment. Figure 1 shows that in 2002, HBOS made a pre-charge benefit of I 2,909million, which is more than the different firms pre-charge benefit included. This shows HBOS are really performing superior to the already independent firms.

Individual portfolio on global enterprise Essay

Singular portfolio on worldwide endeavor - Essay Example This dynamic change gave the impulse to the development of a worldwide economy. To enlarge these endeavors from the national governments, a one next to the other development in web innovation additionally encouraged the arrangement of a globalized world. This new web innovation empowered beforehand country organizations to grow their activities to new unfamiliar markets. In this way bring the idea of worldwide interest into the business field. Beforehand national organizations began turning out to be worldwide organizations taking into account the worldwide interest of shoppers. This prompted the disintegration of national power on the grounds that in this circumstance national governments had little state in the nations exchange and international strategies. It was these worldwide organizations which began to make or look into the nations monetary, remote and exchange approaches. Those nations who attempted to oppose the strength of these worldwide foundations, ended up disengaged f rom the global world. The most significant effect of this was on the fares of the nation, which were not permitted to enter outside land. This thus drastically affected the incomes of the nation which vigorously rely on trades profit. Having confronted these issues, nations began to open their fringes for worldwide exchange, changed their remote and monetary strategies and began to abstain from acting. Writing Review: Introduction: Globalization is that wonder which has moved individual economies towards an increasingly incorporated, autonomous and developing world economy (Bhagwati, 2004),. In the course of recent decades, the individual economies of the world have become progressively connected together through a development in worldwide exchange benefits alongside essential and produced products, through portfolio ventures coordinated towards universal advances and acquisition of stocks, and through remote direct speculation which is the medium utilized by global organizations to make interest in outside land (Stark, and Bloom, 1985). During this period private capital has decreased the progression of remote guide in the creating scene. These linkages profoundly affect the creating nations. Because of these linkages creating nations are bringing in and sending out additional from one another. These nations have likewise begun to import from and fare to created nations. Venture is being filled these economies from the created nations (Clayton, 2004). The term globalization is most every now and again utilized when conversations about turn of events, exchange and universal political economy is in progress. As can be induced from the word that globalization is a procedure by which economies of the world become increasingly incorporated. This financial incorporation thusly prompts worldwide monetary arrangement making, which is the space zone of worldwide foundations like the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Global Culture: Globalization has additionally off ered ascend to a worldwide culture. This culture is portrayed by individuals devouring products and enterprises which are comparative across nations. English has become a globally acclaimed language for business. These progressions advance monetary mix and fuel its consistent development (IMF Team., 2000). Be that as it may, in its financial sense globalization alludes to expanded transparency of

Win SCRATCH edited by Manjula Martin!

Win SCRATCH edited by Manjula Martin! A lot of people want to be writers. Probably more want to make money from writing. In Scratch, a wide range of authors talk about the side of writing that doesnt get talked about enough: making cold hard cash. Heres the official synopsis: A collection of essays from today’s most acclaimed authorsâ€"from Cheryl Strayed to Roxane Gay to Jennifer Weiner, Alexander Chee, Nick Hornby, and Jonathan Franzenâ€"on the realities of making a living in the writing world. In the literary world, the debate around writing and commerce often begs us to take sides: either writers should be paid for everything they do or writers should just pay their dues and count themselves lucky to be published. You should never quit your day job, but your ultimate goal should be to quit your day job. It’s an endless, confusing, and often controversial conversation that, despite our bare-it-all culture, still remains taboo. In Scratch, Manjula Martin has gathered interviews and essays from established and rising authors to confront the age-old question: how do creative people make money? Were giving away 5 copies of Scratch to Book Riot readers, thanks to our friends at BookBaby. One of these lucky winners will also win   $500 credit on any BookBaby order over $500.   To enter, fill out the form below, including signing up for BookBabys newsletter.  Register with BookBaby to access countless resources for authors free how-to guides, exclusive eBook access, weekly blog and email updates and that’s just the free stuff! When your book is ready for the masses BookBaby will help prepare, design, format, produce, and distribute your book you can even receive a single copy of your book for just $19. The giveaway is open until March 8th at 11:59pm eastern time and is open to U.S. residents. Winners will be notified via email. Complete giveaway rules are available here. Alright, time to enter. Good luck. Loading

The Career Of A Police Officer - 1919 Words

According to Earl Warren â€Å" The police must obey the law while enforcing the law.† Which means that the police have a strict policy they need to follow to not get in trouble themselves. The career of a police officer is dangerously attractive, because of the adrenaline rush you get when you are faced with danger. Also the unknown challenges you can face that change from day to day. The research will describe the career of a police officer, what is required to become a successful police officer and the impact that police officers have on society. The development of policing of today in the United States, closely followed the development of policing in England. In the early colonies, policing took two forms. It was both informal and communal, which was referred to as the â€Å"Watch†. Then the private-for-profit policing which was called â€Å"The Big Stick†. The Watch system was composed of community volunteers Whose primary duty was to warn of impending dang er. Boston created a night watch in 1636, New York in 1658 and Philadelphia in 1700. The night watch was not a particularly effective crime control device. Watch men often slept or drank on duty. While the Watch was theoretically voluntary, many â€Å"volunteers† were simply attempting to evade military service. They were conscript forced into service by their town, or were performing watch duties as a form of punishment. Which means that the Watch system that was created at that time was not very effective. Three compellingShow MoreRelatedThe Career Of A Police Officer1938 Words   |  8 PagesThe police must obey the law while enforcing the law. Which means that the police have a strict policy they need to follow to not get in trouble themselves. The career of a police officer is dangerously attractive, because of the adrenaline rush you get when you are faced with danger. Also the unknown challenges you can face that change from day to day. The research will describe the career of a police officer, what is required to become a successful police officer and the impact that police officersRead MoreEssay A Career as a Police Officer1106 Words   |  5 Pages It would be fulfilling to be a police officer because police officers help people in the community and keep it safe. They also enforce the law. They are the reason why people can live their lives in peace. If there is anyone in the community that citizens can trust it would be the police officers. Police officers have to accomplish many things in their workday. (Career Cruising.com) They have to write detailed reports and fill out forms.(Career Cruising.com) They are responsible for makingRead More The Career of a Police Officer Essay739 Words   |  3 PagesThe Career of a Police Officer With many people going to school to become police officers it is important to know exactly what the job is about and the effects it has on a person. Many people think it is just sitting in your car and giving speeding tickets. In fact there are many life threatening things that occur while a person is on the job many of which can cause a severe amount of stress. Stress on the job can cause a person to become severely depressed and cause ones home life to fallRead MoreMy Career Of Police Officer1062 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome a police officer. It is not easy to be being police officer because it may result in dangerous situation in police career. But, I don’t care about these things because if people want to become what they want to become in their career, they don’t have to give up in that career. There are no always good chances come in your way. I have mostly inspired by other police because in my family and relatives, nobody became an interest in police. When I walk through the road, I see police helping peopleRead MoreThe Career Profession Of A Police Officer Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe career profession that I want to become is a Police Officer. Police Officers protect life and property, keep the peace, prevent crime and maintain the public in order through the application of the law. I first knew that I wanted to become a Police Officer when I was 13 years old. My 8th grade teacher told us to research the career we wanted to do when we grow up and I didn’t know what I wanted to be. So I started by search online but nothing interested me then my aunt told me to interview herRead MoreThe Best Career Choice For A Police Officer1141 Words   |  5 Pagesof my police officers is in trouble. The career I have chosen is police officer. A police officer is someone who enforces laws to protect others. This career interests me because I like a good challenge and I like to help people. Whether it’s unlocking someone’s car for them or protecting people and their property, this sounds like the job for me. After looking at the education and the training needed, important qualities needed and the salary and job outlook, I decided this is the best career choiceRead MoreCareer Research Paper : Police Officers763 Words   |  4 PagesMr. Decker Government 7 October 2015 Period 4 Career Research Paper Police officers are responsible for protecting people and property. Related job titles include Sheriffs and sheriffs deputy, detectives, and state police officers. However all of these job titles have similar duties for example they are all responsible for the protection of people and property. These job titles might be very similar but they do differ in many ways. Police officers patrol the city issuing citations keeping theRead MoreChoosing A Career Path Of Becoming A Police Officer939 Words   |  4 PagesChoosing a career path in law enforcement can be exciting yet challenging. It takes incredible focus and intestinal fortitude for any man or woman to wake up daily knowing that their life is on the line the moment that they step out of their home. Police officers deal with drunk drivers, speed demons, and many unforeseen wildcard situations when they come across ordinary citizens that are just having a bad day. Many of these officers handle said situations with tremendous gumption. But there areRead MoreThe Career I Chose A Canine Police Officer2303 Words   |  10 Pages The career I chose was a Canine Police Officer. I chose to be a Canine Police Officer because I could help the community be a better and safer place. After some Canine Police Officers conducted a demonstration at a camp that I attended, I thought it would be a great job to have. They showed us some of the commands. The Canine Police Officers also showed how the dog would attack and hold onto the suspect. The Canine Police Officers also said that some of the commands are in a different languageRead MoreMy New Career Choice Becoming A Police Officer1242 Words   |  5 Pagesquickly realized how invasive and cruel politics can be to people, not just candidates but to voters. For this reason, my focus shifted to becoming a police officer. However, after finding out that I have fibromyalgia a couple years before that, I realized it was going to be extremely difficult for me to be at 100% as a police officer. My new career choice became business analytics. My goal is to get a degree in business analytics so that I can get help businesses like Microsoft impact lives of millions

Diversity in the Workplace - 5680 Words

SURFACE LEVEL DIVERSITY, DEEP LEVEL DIVERSITY, AND ORGANIZATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS ABSTRACT Surface level diversity is the mixture of people who differentiate by sex, race or ethnicity, and the observably physically disabled. These differences typically cannot be changed and are easy to measure because they are visual. Deep level diversity are differences such as personality and attitudes that can be communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors. Diversity can be affiliated with socio-economic factors such as education, profession, job function, and social class. These three components of diversity affect how individuals operate in the workplace. Diversity can channel a sense of competitiveness, which has pros and cons. The†¦show more content†¦This article will discuss the different implications of surface level diversity and deep level diversity, inclusion, effects of competitiveness , and managers ability to efficiently direct an organization to success using those factors. Surface/Deep Level Diversity Diversity research traditionally has focused on the relation between â€Å"surface-level† diversity (demographic differences among employees, such as gender, age, or race) and the level of corporate performance (Harrison, Price, and Bell 1998; Harrison et al. 2002). Deep-level diversity may refer to attributes not easily observed, including technological and educational abilities, socio-economic background, knowledge, skills, values, attitudes, beliefs, and personality (Milliken and Martins 1996; Harrison et al. 1998). In today’s society it is said that deep level diversity now holds more of an influence of how we perform in the workplace because of internal traits. Deep-level diversity refers to differences among team members’ psychological characteristics, including personalities, values, and attitudes (Harrison, 1998). Information about these factors is communicated through verbal and nonverbal behavior patterns and is only learned through extended, individualized interactions and information gathering. Deep-level diversity may influence verbal and nonverbal modes of communication and the way in which peopleShow MoreRelatedDiversity In The Workplace. . Diversity In The Workplace990 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in the Workplace Diversity in the workplace is imperative even though some commentators argue that too much diversity can be negative. Diversity can lead to staff feeling ‘threatened or even annoyed by persons with views and backgrounds different from their own’ (Barsoux, Strebel and Manzoni, 2010). Instead of inclusivity, diversity can end up causing conflicts, as some staff are reluctant in changing their viewpoints and are less adaptable to change. The discourse relating to diversityRead MoreDiversity Of Diversity At The Workplace942 Words   |  4 PagesIn this week’s integrated article, review, I am focusing on diversity at the workplace. This is a topic very relevant and important for any organizations success. Diversity at the workplace refers to any characteristic that makes people different from one another. Today’s workforce is a diverse mix in terms of age, gender, ethnicity, generational attitudes. It is important for an organization to adopt diversity management practices to bring this diverse mix together into a stable productive unitRead MoreWorkplace Diversity And The Workplace853 Words   |  4 PagesWorkplace Diversity Many outstanding articles, books, journals and papers have been written regarding the topic of workforce diversity. Some are relatively short papers such as Diversity in the Workplace published by the University of Florida, and seek to provide the reader with a basic understanding of what is meant by workplace diversity, as well as the potential benefits to both employers and employees alike. Other resources can be significantly more in-depth and explore subtopics of workplaceRead MoreDiversity At Workplace Diversity Within The Workplace3281 Words   |  14 Pages1.0 Diversity at workplace Diversity is a very extensive subject and can be in any genre or class; it is difficult to categorize because of its complex nature. According to Res (2012), diversity can be represented as a variety of human aspects pertaining to different societies and cultures in the workforce or can be explained tolerating the differences. On the contrary, diversity is a quest of differences among human beings in safe, positive and nurturing surroundings and moves beyond simple toleranceRead MoreWorkplace Diversity Of The Workplace965 Words   |  4 PagesJob’s face many struggles and challenges each and every day. Workplace diversity is something which is being talked about the most here lately. Out breaks of minimum wage, sexualities, gender, and even your skin color affects what diversity a business would want. Within the business, the professional level is set pretty high due to the superior designers making us able to dress well fashioned. When people step into a business they do not want someone that is going to walk in with a t-shirt and gymRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace964 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Abstract Select (highlight) this text and then begin typing your abstract, which should be limited to one paragraph of not more than 120 words A Survey of Organizational Culture and its Effectiveness on Managing Diversity in the Workplace Diversity in the workplace is a relatively new concept that has been attracting considerable attention from the executives of most businesses. â€Å"Ongoing demographic trends (increasing percentages of African-AmericansRead MoreThe Diversity At The Workplace747 Words   |  3 PagesThomas (1992) entails the diversity at workplace in terms of all ancestry, ethnicity, age, gender, race, educational background, sexual orientation, marital status, religious belief, income, geographic location and work experience. The mobility in human resource trend is emerging within the competitive market that requires more strategic role on account of human resource management. Organizations may fall in dire consequences of outplaying by other competitors in strategic employment. Nowadays, workforceRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace1096 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Diversity in the Workplace Amber Barger ORG536 – Contemporary Business Writing and Communication Colorado State University –Global Campus Dr. Phillip Jackson November 26, 2013 DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE As companies start to regain their footing after the recent economic downturn, 2 factors such as the rising number of immigrants, mergers of large corporations, the popular use of temporary workers and the increasing globalization of business,Read MoreDiversity in the Workplace714 Words   |  3 PagesDiversity in the Workplace Introduction Workplaces are becoming increasingly diverse, and this is a dynamic that is causing some tension between and among employees. What are the positives and negatives of diversity in the workplace? America is a place with a great diversity of cultures, but sometimes in the workplace cultural values can clash and this paper discusses the why and how of those issues. The Literature Why are workplaces becoming more diverse, and why does diversity in a companyRead MoreDiversity in the Workplace1465 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Diversity in the Workplace As stated in our book, workplace diversity is defined as â€Å"diversity at work means having a workface comprised of two or more groups of employees with various racial, ethic, gender, cultural, national origin, handicap, age, and religious backgrounds†. There are many positives and also negatives of diversity in the workplace. Some of the negatives from workplace diversity are stereotyping, discrimination, tokenism, ethnocentrism, and also gender- role stereotypes. Some

Cognitive and Language Development Free Essays

Whether we know it or not children begin learning from the moment they take their entrance into this world by listening, looking, and interacting with people and objects (Gleitman, 1981) that carries them from birth through adulthood. Literacy Development in children is sort of the same thing but it is focused mainly on things that help them with speaking, listening, reading, understanding, watching, drawing and writing. Infants and Toddlers are like sponges; they absorb everything about their environment (Lally, Torres, Phelps, 1993). We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive and Language Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now They learn through sensory and motor experiences (Gleitman, 1981). You might say well how I can help them with all of this it is a lot. Well here are some ways that you can help them with out having to do a lot. Infants ( Cognitive Language Development) Put a mobile over the crib, he/she will enjoy it Let them listen to classical music Read to infants. They may not understand you but it helps develop early literacy skills Play peek-a-boo Let the infant play with an unbreakable mirror so they can see their reflection Sing/Talk to infants during feeding and while changing diapers Toddlers (Cognitive Language Development) While reading to toddlers, name objects in the book and let them point the objects out Hide a toy and encourage the child to find it. For example, behind your back or under the table, etc. Encourage the child to sing songs with you Encourage to stack blocks and let them knock them over so they can see them fall If the child is saying simple words like dog or ball, try and use them in a simple sentence like â€Å"Where is the dog? † so they can start learning to put sentences together Infant Toddler (Literacy Development) Try an use rhyming whenever you can- helps them understand the meaning of words as well as how they are created Repeat sounds you child makes, or make up sounds and see if you child can copy them Talk about the sounds animals make and ask your child to copy When you are out take a book as well as a toy with you Encourage your child to draw and write using pens, pencils, crayons, and markers Try and get them to write their name on all the art work they do Help them use play dough to make the letters of the alphabet or numbers Visit the library with your child, let choose the books they would want to take home School Aged Children (Literacy Development) Play words games that encourage children to learn sounds Talk about TV shows your child is watching, talk about the past, the future Take turns reading with your child Read stories then ask the child about them Encourage your child to read the names of items at the supermarket Select a few alphabet letters and move them around to make new sounds-bat, tab, abt and ask them which words are real Ask he/she to make you a book with a word on one side and a picture on the other Or let them write a grocery list or a restaurant menu just for play School Aged Children (Cognitive Language Development) Learning to write letters and draw circles Identifying colors and drawing more complex people Knowing the difference between morning, noon and night The biggest thing for preschoolers is to PLAY. Playing is very important for their cognitive development. It promotes healthy brain development and helps children build confidence, begin to solve problems and work with others. These skills help them build leadership and group skills. REFERENCES: Cognitive Development for School Aged Children- http://www. livestrong. com/article/541776-why-is-cognitive-development-important-in-preschool/ Literacy Development- http://raisingchildren. net. au/articles/activities_to_promote_literacy. html/context/1217 Cognitive Development for Infants Toddlers- www. highreach. com How to cite Cognitive and Language Development, Essays

Scientific Inquiry Essays - Biological Sciences Curriculum Study

Scientific Inquiry The Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) Background: The Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) was organized in 1958 by the Education Committee of American Institute of the Biological Sciences to find methods to improve biological education in the United States. A well-known and widely adopted curriculum and many teaching materials for high school biology were developed by Joseph Schwab and his team of the BSCS in the 1960s then. Actually, the BSSC is a strong inquiry-oriented laboratory approach which allows students to test hypothesis, collect and organize data, and make inferences. "The essence, then, of a teaching of science as inquiry, would be to show some of the conclusions of science in the framework of the way they arise and are tested". (Schwab, 1963, P.40). 2 emphases of the BSCS: 1. Human behavior in the ecology of earth. 2. Scientific investigation. * where students are always "invited" (encouraged) to participate in the process. Techniques of the BSCS to teach science as inquiry: 1. Use statements that express the tentative nature of science. e.g.. "we do not know,""it is not certain how this happens," ~ pointing out that theories may be replaced by others as tine goes by. 2. Use "narrative of inquiry". ~ history of major ideas in biology and the course of the inquiry in that area are described and followed step by step. ~ it is used to replace "a rhetoric of conclusions", the phrase used by Joseph Schwab to describe what the conventional high school text does - just listing out a series of unqualified, positive statements about science without mentioning the process of obtaining them, which gives a false and misleading picture of the nature of science to the students. 3. Arrange laboratory work to induce students to investigate problems. ~ not just to illustrate the text, but let the students participate in the inquiry process. ~ laboratory programs have been designed in blocks that students can be involved in the investigation of a real biological problem. 4. Use "Invitations to Enquiry". ~ it "poses example after example of the process itself (and) engages the participation of the student in the process". (Schwab, 1963, P.47). ~ there is a blank, or an omission in each invitation, which the students are invited to find out and fill by themselves. ~ its aim is to "invite the students to use his information and intelligence in an effort to find the answer". (Schwab, 1963, P.51). ~ the sets of invitations are specially sequenced in terms of difficulty so as to lead the students to more sophisticated concepts gradually. * Please refer to the Invitation shown in the Appendix. Syntax of Teaching Phase 1: Pose area of investigation to students. Phase 2: Student structure the problem. Phase 3: Students identify the problem in the investigation, such as data interpretation, data generation, the control of experiments, and the making of inferences. Phase 4: Students speculate on ways to clear up the difficulty, by redesigning the experiment, organizing data in different ways, generating data, developing constructs, etc.. Bibliography Hall, D. A. & McCurdy, D. W. (1990). A Comparison of a Biological Sciences Curriculum Study (BSCS) Labatoratoy and a Traditional Laboratory on Student Achievement at Two Private Liberal Arts College. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, October 1990, Volume 27, Number 7, P.625-36. Schwab, J. J. (1963). Biology Teachers' Handbook. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Schwab, J. J. & Brandwein P. F. (1962). The Teaching of Science. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Thurber, W. A. & Collette, A. T. (1968). Teaching Science in Today's Secondary Schools (3rd Edition). US: Allyn & Bacon Inc.